ESG INDEX

To help Real Estate players comply with the European Taxonomy and understand the environmental performance of their assets, Deepki and its partners are providing three benchmarks on energy and carbon performance with the aim of creating a European ESG index. Based on actual data, this index aims to give an estimation of the average, top 30% and top 15% of commercial real estate assets in terms of primary energy, final energy and CO₂eq emissions across the UK, France, Germany, Benelux, Italy, Spain and Europe. To continue this research, we are looking for partners to share their expertise and help real estate become more sustainable through shared knowledge.

To help Real Estate players comply with the European Taxonomy and understand the environmental performance of their assets, Deepki and its partners are providing three benchmarks on energy and carbon performance with the aim of creating a European ESG index. To help Real Estate players comply with the European Taxonomy and understand the environmental performance of their assets, Deepki and its partners are providing three benchmarks on energy and carbon performance with the aim of creating a European ESG index. Based on actual data, this index aims to give an estimation of the average, top 30% and top 15% of commercial real estate assets in terms of primary energy, final energy and CO₂eq emissions across the UK, France, Germany, Benelux, Italy, Spain and Europe. To continue this research, we are looking for partners to share their expertise and help real estate become more sustainable through shared knowledge.

See results

Region

UK
France
Italy
Benelux
Germany
Spain
Europe

Publication Year*

2024
2023
2022

Indicator

Primary energy consumption
Final energy consumption
CO2 emissions

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	162	93	63
Office	292	209	163
Housing	270	233	193
Hotel	360	294	231
Health	307	307	248
Retail	310	188	147

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	183	79	50
Office	260	187	146
Housing	288	188	142
Hotel	418	286	216
Health	349	261	210
Retail	437	221	154

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	238	164	114
Office	335	239	182
Housing	130	87	62
Hotel	380	293	224
Health	370	258	207
Retail	541	333	242

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	161	91	59
Office	233	182	144
Housing	203	162	118
Hotel	341	264	199
Health	247	174	132
Retail	284	172	125

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	174	126	92
Office	191	148	119
Housing	151	120	95
Hotel	351	255	193
Health	239	191	159
Retail	292	201	156

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	178	104	69
Office	247	182	139
Housing	286	217	167
Hotel	324	254	206
Health	325	251	200
Retail	455	281	206

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	183	97	63
Office	255	172	132
Housing	215	138	99
Hotel	365	253	192
Health	304	222	178
Retail	377	200	147

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	120	69	47
Office	213	154	120
Housing	206	181	151
Hotel	286	234	185
Health	240	242	196
Retail	230	144	113

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	89	40	25
Office	122	89	71
Housing	174	123	96
Hotel	202	142	109
Health	199	155	128
Retail	197	100	70

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	115	80	57
Office	157	114	88
Housing	75	53	39
Hotel	192	152	118
Health	211	152	124
Retail	237	146	107

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	103	63	42
Office	157	124	102
Housing	149	125	94
Hotel	242	188	146
Health	177	133	104
Retail	175	107	80

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	119	87	64
Office	137	107	86
Housing	128	103	83
Hotel	243	178	135
Health	187	152	128
Retail	197	139	109

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	77	45	30
Office	110	82	65
Housing	140	112	90
Hotel	154	124	102
Health	153	123	100
Retail	200	125	93

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	107	58	37
Office	150	102	79
Housing	146	100	73
Hotel	226	153	116
Health	198	150	122
Retail	207	119	88

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	23,7	13,7	9,4
Office	42,4	30,6	23,8
Housing	40,9	35,8	30,1
Hotel	56,7	46,5	36,7
Health	47,7	48	39
Retail	45,8	28,6	22,5

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	7,6	3	1,8
Office	9,3	5,8	4,5
Housing	23,1	13,7	9,1
Hotel	17	10	7,3
Health	24,1	16,9	11,9
Retail	13,1	6,1	4,2

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	27,6	19,3	13,5
Office	38,2	27,7	21,3
Housing	16,8	11,8	8,6
Hotel	45,2	35,6	27,4
Health	47,3	33,8	27,5
Retail	59,3	36,5	26,7

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	23,4	14,1	9,7
Office	35,1	25,2	20,2
Housing	31,7	25,3	19,4
Hotel	53,1	38	29,9
Health	37,5	27,2	21,7
Retail	40	22,2	15,4

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	32,6	23,6	17,2
Office	36,4	28,3	22,7
Housing	29,1	23,1	18,5
Hotel	66	48,1	36,3
Health	45	36	30
Retail	54,5	37,5	29

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	11,6	6,7	4,5
Office	16,7	12,5	9,8
Housing	22,4	17,7	14,1
Hotel	24,3	19,4	15,9
Health	24	19,2	15,6
Retail	30,1	18,8	14

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	22,3	10	5,1
Office	30,4	17,9	10
Housing	27,6	18,3	12,8
Hotel	46,1	26,6	16,7
Health	38,8	27,6	20,6
Retail	41,7	21,4	12,2

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	217	118	75
Office	292	207	157
Housing	256	217	182
Hotel	370	271	198
Health	375	359	283
Retail	299	155	115

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	204	90	57
Office	281	195	151
Housing	280	180	135
Hotel	411	287	217
Health	365	272	217
Retail	497	268	192

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	244	137	92
Office	351	242	184
Housing	**137	**103	**78
Hotel	417	316	239
Health	389	251	198
Retail	432	280	211

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	187	109	72
Office	260	202	163
Housing	192	175	135
Hotel	316	253	194
Health	279	193	153
Retail	325	163	112

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	206	136	97
Office	222	165	129
Housing	147	114	88
Hotel	275	214	165
Health	232	184	147
Retail	229	145	108

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	189	105	68
Office	231	176	139
Housing	276	192	143
Hotel	303	233	182
Health	332	259	212
Retail	317	201	157

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	211	105	68
Office	269	182	140
Housing	209	134	98
Hotel	347	229	172
Health	323	225	176
Retail	339	173	122

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	160	87	56
Office	216	154	117
Housing	214	184	155
Hotel	289	213	156
Health	299	291	230
Retail	217	113	84

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	100	46	30
Office	134	95	74
Housing	183	127	98
Hotel	198	141	109
Health	208	161	133
Retail	224	121	87

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	117	68	47
Office	169	120	92
Housing	**81	**65	**51
Hotel	212	163	125
Health	225	145	115
Retail	191	123	93

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	106	62	42
Office	160	128	105
Housing	133	130	102
Hotel	192	156	121
Health	175	125	99
Retail	178	95	67

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	136	92	66
Office	160	120	95
Housing	134	104	80
Hotel	204	159	124
Health	188	152	117
Retail	145	89	68

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	85	48	32
Office	100	77	61
Housing	142	104	79
Hotel	135	105	83
Health	168	137	115
Retail	136	87	69

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	123	61	39
Office	160	108	82
Housing	150	100	73
Hotel	211	139	104
Health	214	151	118
Retail	181	96	70

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	30,4	16,5	10,6
Office	40,9	29,1	22,2
Housing	40,0	34,4	29,0
Hotel	54,3	40,0	29,2
Health	56,0	54,5	43,0
Retail	41,2	21,5	16,0

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	8,2	3,5	2,2
Office	10,3	6,3	4,9
Housing	24,3	15,1	10,6
Hotel	15,4	9,6	7,2
Health	22,6	15,6	11,5
Retail	14,2	7,1	5,1

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	26,7	15,5	10,5
Office	38,6	27,3	20,9
Housing	17,4	**13,8	**10,7
Hotel	**47,4	36,4	27,9
Health	47,9	31,0	24,7
Retail	45,2	29,2	22,0

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	23,5	14,1	9,4
Office	35,4	26,9	21,5
Housing	27,8	26,6	20,4
Hotel	41,6	33,9	26,4
Health	37,0	26,8	22,0
Retail	37,9	21,0	14,6

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	35,2	23,4	16,7
Office	39,5	29,5	23,2
Housing	27,7	21,4	16,5
Hotel	48,5	37,7	29,2
Health	41,1	32,7	25,8
Retail	39,1	24,6	18,4

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	13,1	7,5	4,9
Office	15,3	11,7	9,3
Housing	22,7	16,6	12,6
Hotel	20,8	16,1	12,7
Health	27,0	22,0	18,3
Retail	20,7	13,2	10,4

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	24,5	10,4	5,6
Office	30,9	17,7	10,2
Housing	27,0	17,8	12,8
Hotel	39,2	22,5	14,1
Health	39,3	26,1	19,4
Retail	33,2	16,2	10,4

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	218	124	80
Office	297	211	163
Housing	287	217	165
Hotel	351	259	191
Health	361	366	287
Retail	339	149	106

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	224	105	67
Office	296	204	156
Housing	314	206	156
Hotel	381	255	190
Health	385	285	229
Retail	497	262	186

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	270	170	117
Office	341	233	176
Housing	149**	105**	77**
Hotel	344	246	179
Health	412	257	196
Retail	468	278	205

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	192	112	72
Office	291	209	164
Housing	218	185	135
Hotel	290	233	179
Health	281	160	119
Retail	362	189	129

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	200	134	97
Office	234	177	139
Housing	170	136	101
Hotel	227	192	155
Health	250	193	151
Retail	239	136	98

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	189	115	76
Office	227	173	136
Housing	251	156	108
Hotel	218	169	133
Health	330	252	204
Retail	315	187	146

Typology	Average kWhPE/m²	Top 30% kWhPE/m²	Top 15% kWhPE/m²
Logistic	216	113	74
Office	278	188	146
Housing	229	141	100
Hotel	300	196	148
Health	330	229	174
Retail	357	169	118

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	162	93	60
Office	220	157	122
Housing	238	181	138
Hotel	264	196	145
Health	302	308	244
Retail	250	112	80

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	111	54	35
Office	143	100	78
Housing	206	145	113
Hotel	188	130	99
Health	224	173	143
Retail	225	118	85

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	132	86	61
Office	170	119	91
Housing	90**	67**	51**
Hotel	180	131	96
Health	232	150	115
Retail	209	124	93

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	108	65	43
Office	177	132	104
Housing	140	126	93
Hotel	177	145	112
Health	178	100	77
Retail	200	115	80

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	135	93	68
Office	172	132	105
Housing	140	114	86
Hotel	165	140	114
Health	203	159	121
Retail	157	91	66

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	81	50	33
Office	102	79	63
Housing	131	85	61
Hotel	96	75	59
Health	173	139	115
Retail	139	83	66

Typology	Average kWhFE/m²	Top 30% kWhFE/m²	Top 15% kWhFE/m²
Logistic	126	66	43
Office	168	113	87
Housing	162	103	72
Hotel	182	120	89
Health	222	158	119
Retail	195	96	70

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	32,4	18,5	12,0
Office	44,0	31,5	24,4
Housing	46,1	35,0	26,8
Hotel	52,5	38,9	28,7
Health	58,0	59,2	46,8
Retail	50,0	22,3	15,9

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	9,4	4,1	2,6
Office	11,4	6,9	5,3
Housing	27,6	17,3	12,1
Hotel	15,8	9,5	7,0
Health	25,5	17,9	13,2
Retail	14,9	7,1	5,1

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	31,4	20,2	14,2
Office	40,1	27,9	21,3
Housing	19,7**	14,5**	10,9**
Hotel	41,7	30,2	22,2
Health	51?9	33,2	25,5
Retail	51,8	30,9	22,9

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	26,6	16,1	10,7
Office	44,8	29,3	22,6
Housing	31,8	27,8	20,1
Hotel	43,2	33,9	24,9
Health	40,3	25,2	19,9
Retail	47,4	26,1	17,5

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	37,1	24,9	18,1
Office	44,5	33,8	26,7
Housing	33,0	26,5	19,7
Hotel	42,6	36,0	29,2
Health	46,3	35,6	28,0
Retail	44,9	25,6	18,5

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	15,6	9,5	6,3
Office	19,6	15,2	12,1
Housing	24,8	16,2	11,5
Hotel	18,3	14,3	11,3
Health	32,8	26,3	21,7
Retail	26,6	16,0	12,6

Typology	Average kgCO2eq/m²	Top 30% kgCO2eq/m²	Top 15% kgCO2eq/m²
Logistic	26,6	12,1	6,6
Office	34,7	20,1	11,9
Housing	31,3	19,5	13,5
Hotel	36,2	21,1	13,3
Health	42,8	28,1	20,8
Retail	39,0	17,3	11,0

*Based on the previous year's energy consumption **Common & collective consumption only

About the project

This initiative is a first contribution that aims to gather all European players and to reach shared values in order to give clearer indications to the Real Estate market. With IEIF, DGNB and RICS, we are always looking for partners to share their expertise and help our industry accelerate its transition toward decarbonization.

About the methodology

In order to reflect the systemic evolutions of the Real Estate industry in Europe, our benchmark is based on a carefully selected, representative sample of assets with complete data coverage, that will remain stable over time, in order to guarantee reliable figures for each typology and location listed.

Data quality

Coverage

Representativity of the sample

Created for Real Estate

ESG INDEX

About the project

About the methodology

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